Horizontal component of head waves
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| Series | Geophysical References Series |
|---|---|
| Title | Problems in Exploration Seismology and their Solutions |
| Author | Lloyd P. Geldart and Robert E. Sheriff |
| Chapter | 5 |
| Pages | 141 - 180 |
| DOI | http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560801733 |
| ISBN | ISBN 9781560801153 |
| Store | SEG Online Store |
Problem 5.11
In the early days of refraction exploration for salt domes, sketches of expected raypaths indicated that the angle of approach to the surface should have a large horizontal component, but measurements showed very little horizontal component. Controversy arose over whether the travelpaths could be as drawn. Explain the apparent discrepancy.
Solution
The raypath bending at the base of the low-velocity layer made travel through the LVL nearly vertical, as illustrated in problem 5.10a so the horizontal component at the surface was very small.
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| Effects of weathered layer (LVL) and permafrost | Stacking velocity versus rms and average velocities |
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| Geometry of seismic waves | Characteristics of seismic events |
Also in this chapter
- Maximum porosity versus depth
- Relation between lithology and seismic velocities
- Porosities, velocities, and densities of rocks
- Velocities in limestone and sandstone
- Dependence of velocity-depth curves on geology
- Effect of burial history on velocity
- Determining lithology from well-velocity surveys
- Reflectivity versus water saturation
- Effect of overpressure
- Effects of weathered layer (LVL) and permafrost
- Horizontal component of head waves
- Stacking velocity versus rms and average velocities
- Quick-look velocity analysis and effects of errors
- Well-velocity survey
- Interval velocities
- Finding velocity
- Effect of timing errors on stacking velocity, depth, and dip
- Estimating lithology from stacking velocity
- Velocity versus depth from sonobuoy data
- Influence of direction on velocity analyses
- Effect of time picks, NMO stretch, and datum choice on stacking velocity
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