Difference between revisions of "Fault imaging"
Hunter carr (talk | contribs) (Tag: Visual edit) |
Hunter carr (talk | contribs) (Tag: Visual edit) |
||
Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
== Fault importance and interpretation in seismic exploration == | == Fault importance and interpretation in seismic exploration == | ||
− | Faults are very important in the petroleum exploration industry for many reasons. They can behave as a [https://www.slb.com/services/technical_challenges/geomechanics/reservoir_management/fault_seal_analysis.aspx seal] or a conduit for hydrocarbon transportation to a [[wikipedia:Structural_trap#Fault_trap|trap]]. If a fault trap has a large enough volume to store oil and gas, it can become economically viable to drill and produce. [[File:Great_South_Basin_NZ_Seismic_Line.PNG|200px]] | + | Faults are very important in the petroleum exploration industry for many reasons. They can behave as a [https://www.slb.com/services/technical_challenges/geomechanics/reservoir_management/fault_seal_analysis.aspx seal] or a conduit for hydrocarbon transportation to a [[wikipedia:Structural_trap#Fault_trap|trap]]. If a fault trap has a large enough volume to store oil and gas, it can become economically viable to drill and produce. When geoscientists interpret seismic data, the most straightforward way to identify a fault is by seeing a significant displacement in a set of seismic reflectors. It does not take a highly trained eye to see the many faults in the New Zealand seismic line if Figure 2. Seismic data is recorded |
+ | |||
+ | [[File:Great_South_Basin_NZ_Seismic_Line.PNG|200px]] | ||
Discussion of traps and seals caused by faulting | Discussion of traps and seals caused by faulting |
Revision as of 21:07, 8 July 2018
This page is currently being authored by a student at the University of Houston. This page will be complete by July 2018.
Fault imaging is the process in which faults are processed, identified, and visualized in various ways while conducting seismic exploration. There are multiple motivations for seismically imaging faults. Generally, the goal is to better understand the structural geology of an area, which can range in scale from basin to small-scale reservoir modeling of single formations.
Contents
Fault terminology
Source 1: Structural Geology textbook by Haakon Fossen
A fault is "any surface or narrow zone with visible shear displacement along the zone" (Fossen). It is comprised of a hanging wall and a footwall in non-vertical faults like the normal and thrust faults as seen in the Figur The hanging wall is above the fault plane and "hangs" on the fault zone, while the footwall is below the fault zone.e 1.
A fault's displacement is described by its heave in the horizontal axis and throw in the vertical axis. Calculating this throw will be discussed in the following section.
Fault importance and interpretation in seismic exploration
Faults are very important in the petroleum exploration industry for many reasons. They can behave as a seal or a conduit for hydrocarbon transportation to a trap. If a fault trap has a large enough volume to store oil and gas, it can become economically viable to drill and produce. When geoscientists interpret seismic data, the most straightforward way to identify a fault is by seeing a significant displacement in a set of seismic reflectors. It does not take a highly trained eye to see the many faults in the New Zealand seismic line if Figure 2. Seismic data is recorded
Discussion of traps and seals caused by faulting
calculating throw
velocity modeling corrections
Processes of seismic imaging of faults
Ray-based Seismic Modeling
Post vs pre-migration
seismic attributes
Common issues
Fault Shadow
Sources
Correct citations to come
Fault Interpretation During SeismicInterpretation and Reservoir Evaluation: Fractured Reservoirs: Origin, Description, Evaluation by M. E. Badley, B. Freeman, A. M. Roberts, J. S. Thatcher, J. Walsh, J. Watterson, G. Yielding
Fault Shadow Correction Methodology P. Julien1, J. L. Broyer2, O. Bernet-Rollande3
Advances in Seismic Fault Interpretation Automation* By Randolph Pepper1 and Gaston Bejarano1
Structural Geology texbook by Haakon Fossen
Practical Seismic Data Analysis by Hua-Wei Zhou
Elements of Petroleum Geology by Richard Selley
First heading
The main headings in the article are second level headings, defined with two equals signs in the wikitext. You never need to use the top-level heading style, defined with one equals sign, as it is reserved for article titles. As with a scientific article, you have plenty of freedom about how to organize your content, but the reader may have some expectations about the order and style that you may want to take into account.
This | Produces |
== This == | This |
Start with a brief bit of background about the subject. Relate it to other topics, using plenty of links. Create links with a pair of square brackets around key technical words and phrases.
Second heading
You can add as many sections as you think you need to 'spiral out' from the core of the topic. Use judgment to decide when to split out a separate article.
Subheading
In longer articles, it may make sense to have another level of headings. There are not many occasions when you will need to use H4 headings (four = signs), so don't go there unless it's unavoidable. Never use more than four.[1]
References
If you have used <ref> tags in the text, you need a References section. Use {{reflist}} as a prettier and more flexible alternative to the more esoteric <references /> tag.
- ↑ Matt Hall, 2013, pers. comm. Sorry, this is the best reference I can find.
See also
Most articles should have a See also section, containing a list of other closely related articles in this wiki.
Important Papers
This section allows contributors to point to other important papers or books that have been written on the subject matter.
External links
Add the {{search}} template and any other relevant external links in the section.
- Wikipedia:How to structure the content — Wikipedia article about structuring content
Categories
Categories are listed at the very bottom of the article.
Additional help
- Article template
- Cheatsheet
- Choosing a topic
- Creating articles
- Editing
- Featured article criteria
- Good article criteria
- Helpful links
- Images
- Interwiki links
- Linking articles
- Math
- Naming new articles
- Pages needing attention
- Redirect
- References
- Searching the SEG Wiki
- Section heading
- Sentence case
- Student Chapter
- Summary style
- Using Wikipedia
- Volunteer forum