地球磁场
地球磁場常用位於地球中心的一個偶極子來表示。該偶極子軸線與地球表面的交點稱為地磁極。一個更好的表示方法(偶極子場)是採用距離地心約400公里的偶極子來描述。磁傾角為90度的位置稱為磁傾極;它們與地磁極並不重合。地磁場不能用偶極子來表示的那一部分稱為非偶極場。地磁場的時變分量如圖M-2所示。亦參見常態地磁場。
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